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reflects the relative magnitude of the corresponding component.</title>
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<table width="100%" summary="page for balloonplot {gplots}"><tr><td>balloonplot {gplots}</td><td align="right">R Documentation</td></tr></table>
<h2>Plot a graphical matrix where each cell contains a dot whose size
reflects the relative magnitude of the corresponding component.</h2>


<h3>Description</h3>

<p>
Plot a graphical matrix where each cell contains a dot whose size
reflects the relative magnitude of the corresponding component.
</p>


<h3>Usage</h3>

<pre>
balloonplot(x, ...)
## S3 method for class 'table':
balloonplot(x, xlab, ylab, zlab, show.zeros=FALSE,show.margins=TRUE,...)
## Default S3 method:
balloonplot(x,y,z,
                                xlab,
                                ylab,
                                zlab=deparse(substitute(z)),
                                dotsize=2/max(strwidth(19),strheight(19)),
                                dotchar=19,
                                dotcolor="skyblue",
                                main,
                                label=TRUE,
                                label.digits=2,
                                scale.method=c("volume","diameter"),
                                colsrt=par("srt"),
                                rowsrt=par("srt"),
                                colmar=1,
                                rowmar=2,
                                show.zeros=FALSE,
                                show.margins=TRUE,
                                cum.margins=TRUE,
                                sorted=TRUE,
                                label.lines=TRUE,
                                fun=function(x)sum(x,na.rm=T),
                                hide.duplicates=TRUE,
                                ... )
</pre>


<h3>Arguments</h3>

<table summary="R argblock">
<tr valign="top"><td><code>x</code></td>
<td>
A table object, or either a vector or a list of several
categorical vectors containing grouping variables for the first 
(x) margin of the plotted matrix.</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><code>y</code></td>
<td>
Vector or list of vectors for grouping variables for the
second (y) dimension of the plotted matrix.</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><code>z</code></td>
<td>
Vector of values for the size of the dots in the plotted matrix.</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><code>xlab</code></td>
<td>
Text label for the x dimension. This will be displayed on the
x axis and in the plot title.</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><code>ylab</code></td>
<td>
Text label for the y dimension. This will be displayed on the
y axis and in the plot title.</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><code>zlab</code></td>
<td>
Text label for the dot size. This will be included in the
plot title.</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><code>dotsize</code></td>
<td>
Maximum dot size.  You may need to adjust this value
for different plot devices and layouts.</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><code>dotchar</code></td>
<td>
Plotting symbol or character used for dots.  See the help
page for the points function for symbol codes.</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><code>dotcolor</code></td>
<td>
Scalar or vector specifying the color(s) of the dots in
the plot.</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><code>main</code></td>
<td>
Plot title text.</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><code>label</code></td>
<td>
Boolean flag indicating whether the actual value of the
elements should be shown on the plot.</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><code>label.digits</code></td>
<td>
Number of digits used in formatting value labels.</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><code>scale.method</code></td>
<td>
Method of scaling the sizes of the dot, either
"volume" or "diameter". See below.</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><code>rowsrt, colsrt</code></td>
<td>
Angle of rotation for row and column labels.</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><code>rowmar, colmar</code></td>
<td>
Space allocated for row and column labels. Each
unit is the width/height of one cell in the table.</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><code>show.zeros</code></td>
<td>
boolean. If <code>FALSE</code>, entries containing zero will be left
blank in the plotted matrix.  If <code>TRUE</code>, zeros will be
displayed.</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><code>show.margins</code></td>
<td>
boolean. If <code>TRUE</code>, row and column sums are
printed in the bottom and right margins, respectively.</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><code>cum.margins</code></td>
<td>
boolean. If <code>TRUE</code>, marginal fractions are
graphically presented in grey behind the row/column label area.</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><code>sorted</code></td>
<td>
boolean. If <code>TRUE</code>, the rows will be
arranged in sorted order by using the levels of the first y factor,
then the second y factor, etc. The same process is used for the
columns, based on the x factors</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><code>label.lines</code></td>
<td>
boolean. If <code>TRUE</code>, borders will be drawn for
row and column level headers.</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><code>hide.duplicates</code></td>
<td>
boolean. If <code>TRUE</code>, column and row headers
will omit duplicates within row/column to reduce clutter.  Defaults
to <code>TRUE</code>.</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><code>fun</code></td>
<td>
function to be used to combine data elements with the same
levels of the grouping variables <code>x</code> and <code>y</code>. Defaults to <code>sum</code></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><code>...</code></td>
<td>
Additional arguments passed to <code>balloonplot.default</code>
or <code>plot</code>, as appropriate.</td></tr>
</table>

<h3>Details</h3>

<p>
This function plots a visual matrix.  In each <code>x</code>,<code>y</code> cell a
dot is plotted which reflects the relative size of the corresponding
value of <code>z</code>.  When <code>scale.method="volume"</code> the volume of
the dot is proportional to the relative size of <code>z</code>.  When
<code>scale.method="diameter"</code>, the diameter of the dot is proportional to
the the relative size of <code>z</code>.  The "volume" method is default
because the "diameter" method visually exaggerates differences.
</p>


<h3>Value</h3>

<p>
Nothing of interest.</p>

<h3>Note</h3>

<p>
<code>z</code> is expected to be non-negative.  The function will still
operate correctly if there are negative values of <code>z</code>, but the
corresponding dots will have 0 size and a warning will be generated.
</p>


<h3>Author(s)</h3>

<p>
Gregory R. Warnes <a href="mailto:warnes@bst.rochester.edu">warnes@bst.rochester.edu</a>
</p>


<h3>References</h3>

<p>
Function inspired by question posed on R-help by Ramon
Alonso-Allende <a href="mailto:allende@cnb.uam.es">allende@cnb.uam.es</a>.
</p>


<h3>See Also</h3>

<p>
<code><a href="../../graphics/html/plot.table.html">plot.table</a></code>
</p>


<h3>Examples</h3>

<pre>


# Create an Example Data Frame Containing Car x Color data
carnames &lt;- c("bmw","renault","mercedes","seat")
carcolors &lt;- c("red","white","silver","green")
datavals &lt;- round(rnorm(16, mean=100, sd=60),1)
data &lt;- data.frame(Car=rep(carnames,4),
                   Color=rep(carcolors, c(4,4,4,4) ),
                   Value=datavals )
# show the data
data

# generate balloon plot with default scaling
balloonplot( data$Car, data$Color, data$Value)

# show margin label rotation &amp; space expansion, using some long labels
levels(data$Car) &lt;- c("BMW: High End, German","Renault: Medium End, French",
 "Mercedes: High End, German", "Seat: Imaginary, Unknown Producer")

# generate balloon plot with default scaling
balloonplot( data$Car, data$Color, data$Value, colmar=3, colsrt=90)

# Create an example using table
xnames &lt;- sample( letters[1:3], 50, replace=2)
ynames &lt;- sample( 1:5, 50, replace=2)

tab &lt;- table(xnames, ynames)

balloonplot(tab)

# Example of multiple classification variabls using the Titanic data
library(datasets)
data(Titanic)

dframe &lt;- as.data.frame(Titanic) # convert to 1 entry per row format
attach(dframe)
balloonplot(x=Class, y=list(Survived, Age, Sex), z=Freq, sort=TRUE)

# colorize: surviors lightblue, non-survivors: grey
Colors &lt;- Titanic
Colors[,,,"Yes"] &lt;- "skyblue"
Colors[,,,"No"] &lt;- "grey"
colors &lt;- as.character(as.data.frame(Colors)$Freq)

balloonplot(x=list(Age,Sex),
            y=list(Class=Class,
            Survived=reorder.factor(Survived,c(2,1))),
            z=Freq,
            zlab="Number of Passengers",
            sort=TRUE,
            dotcol = colors,
            show.zeros=TRUE,
            show.margins=TRUE)

</pre>



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