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icse2018/content/03-relatedwork.tex
  Diff comments   View file @d9c5b44
... ... @@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ are correlated to the implementation of agile methods.
16 16 Some works also discuss how academia can collaborate with the industry in the
17 17 management of software projects. Chookittikul et al. evaluates the increasing
18 18 use of the agile methods by software development organizations in Thailand and
19   -suggests universities create a curricula which develops in their undergraduate
20   -students practical skills required by industry (mainly agile practices) to
  19 +suggests universities create curricula which develop in their undergraduate
  20 +students' practical skills required by industry (mainly agile practices) to
21 21 encourage the software industry growth in the region \cite{cho2011gap}.
22 22 Sandberg et al. report the implementation of Scrum in a collaborative research
23 23 consortium between industry and academia (involving ten industry partners and
... ... @@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ five universities in Sweden) \cite{sandberg2017iacollaboration}.
26 26 New variables arise when a different approach to project management is
27 27 introduced to complex and large-scale organizations, such as the public
28 28 administration. Alleman et al. describe a production deployment for the US
29   -government, focus on describing the methodology applied to address long term
  29 +government, focus on describing the methodology applied to address long-term
30 30 planning and value estimation \cite{alleman2003making}. Agile methods
31   -application on the Brazilian public sector are approached by Melo et al. \cite{melo2013agileBr} and De
  31 +application in the Brazilian public sector are approached by Melo et al. \cite{melo2013agileBr} and De
32 32 Sousa et al. \cite{de2016using}, both are experiences limited
33 33 to pilot projects. Not production-ready one that will provide more accurate
34 34 data with the real world.
... ...
icse2018/content/04-methods.tex
  Diff comments   View file @d9c5b44
1 1 \section{Research Design}
2 2 \label{sec:researchdesign}
3 3  
4   -The focus on this paper is investigating practical ways to reconcile cultural
  4 +The focus of this paper is investigating practical ways to reconcile cultural
5 5 differences in software development process between government and academia,
6 6 without modifying their internal processes. Our analysis was guided by the
7 7 following research questions:
... ... @@ -38,11 +38,11 @@ integrated using a system-of-systems software (Colab) \cite{meirelles2017spb}.
38 38  
39 39 The academic team carried out development activities in the Advanced Laboratory
40 40 of Production, Research and Innovation in Software Engineering (LAPPIS) at UnB.
41   -The project management and development process in this laboratory is usually
  41 +The project management and development process in this laboratory are usually
42 42 executed adopting empirical practices from open source communities and agile
43 43 methodologies. For this project, a total of 42 undergraduate students and two
44 44 professors participated in the development team. Six IT professionals were also
45   -hired as senior developers due their experiences in open source projects and
  45 +hired as senior developers due to their experiences in open source projects and
46 46 two designers specialized in User eXperience.
47 47  
48 48 The government team was composed of one director, one coordinator, and two IT
... ... @@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ the project, this workflow proved to be inefficient. Conflicts between the
63 63 internal management processes and differences in pace and goals of each
64 64 institution were compromising the platform development. To improve the project
65 65 management process we have adopted and evolute a set of empirical practices
66   -based on open source ecossystems and agile methodologies, establishing an empirical
  66 +based on open source ecosystems and agile methodologies, establishing an empirical
67 67 management model.
68 68  
69 69 \subsection{Survey and data collection}
... ... @@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ We divided the UnB development team into two groups of target participants
72 72 according to their roles during the project: \textit{UnB Interns} and
73 73 \textit{Senior Developers}. For each group, we designed an online survey with
74 74 topics related to project organization, development process, communication and
75   -relationship between members, acquired knowledge and experience with open
  75 +relationship between members, acquired knowledge, and experience with open
76 76 source projects. We interviewed also two \textit{MPOG analysts} who directly
77 77 interacted with the development team and project development process. The
78 78 interview questions could be classified into four parts: Professional profile;
... ... @@ -80,20 +80,20 @@ Organization, communication and development methodologies in the context of
80 80 government and project; Satisfaction with the developed platform; Lessons
81 81 learned.
82 82  
83   -We sent the link of the online survey through emails to 42 UnB interns
  83 +We sent the link to the online survey through emails to 42 UnB interns
84 84 (undergraduate students), who participated in any time of the project as
85   -developer receiving scholarship. We received a total of 37 responses. Their
  85 +developer receiving a scholarship. We received a total of 37 responses. Their
86 86 average age is 25 years old and 91.9\% of them are male. Currently, 35.1\%
87   -continue at university as undergraduate or graduate students, 18.9\% work as
88   -developer in a small company and 18.9\% in medium or large companies, 10.8\%
  87 +continue at the university as undergraduate or graduate students, 18.9\% work as
  88 +a developer in a small company and 18.9\% in medium or large companies, 10.8\%
89 89 are entrepreneurs, 8.1\% are unemployed and the others work as teachers or
90 90 civil servants. 43.2\% said the SPB project was their first experience with
91 91 open source software.
92 92  
93   -We also sent the link of the online survey through emails to eight senior
  93 +We also sent the link to the online survey through emails to eight senior
94 94 developers (IT professionals). All of them answered the questionnaire.
95 95 Their average age is 32 years old and 87.5\% are male. They have an average of
96   -11 years of experience in the IT market, and currently 62.5\% of respondents
  96 +11 years of experience in the IT market, and currently, 62.5\% of respondents
97 97 are company employees, 37.5\% are freelance developers, 25\% are master's
98 98 degree students and 25\% entrepreneurs. They have worked on average in 5
99 99 companies and participated in 4 to 80 projects. They participated in this
... ... @@ -111,11 +111,11 @@ publicly available on the SPB platform. We collected from the repository
111 111 manager tool of the platform all open issues and commits related to the main
112 112 repository of the platform, that is, the development repositories of the
113 113 integrated software were not considered. For issues, we collected project
114   -name, author of the issue, opening date, issue title, and number of comments.
115   -We also collected informations about total open issues, total commits,
116   -different authors of issues, total of different authors of issues, total of
117   -comments, authors of comments, total of authors other than comments. During
118   -the period from April 2015 to June 2016, 879 issues was opened by 59 distinct
  114 +name, author of the issue, opening date, issue title, and the number of comments.
  115 +We also collected information about total open issues, the total commits,
  116 +different authors of issues, the number of different authors of issues, the number of
  117 +comments, authors of comments, the number of authors other than comments. During
  118 +the period from April 2015 to June 2016, 879 issues were opened by 59 distinct
119 119 authors with a total of 4,658 comments and 64 distinct commentators. The
120 120 development team made 3,256 commits in the repository provided by SPB platform.
121 121  
... ...
icse2018/content/05-results.tex
  Diff comments   View file @d9c5b44
... ... @@ -20,14 +20,14 @@ feature was used for meeting logging, defining goals, sprint planning, and
20 20 documentation of deployment processes and administration resources guide. Issue
21 21 tracker was used for discussing requirements, monitoring the features under
22 22 development, registering changes, and validating functionalities delivered.
23   -Finally, the whole team used Mailing list to defining schedules of meetings and
24   -deliveries and also to collaborative definition of requirements.
  23 +Finally, the whole team used the Mailing list to defining schedules of meetings and
  24 +deliveries and also to the collaborative definition of requirements.
25 25  
26   -Our surveys reports Mailing list (100\%) and Issue Tracker (62.5\%) as the main
  26 +Our surveys report Mailing list (100\%) and Issue Tracker (62.5\%) as the main
27 27 means of interaction between senior developers and undergraduates. Developers
28 28 and MPOG staff also interacted mostly via Mailing List (87.5\%) and Issue
29 29 tracker (50\%). According to research findings, this movement made
30   -\textbf{communication more transparent and efficient}. A MPOG IT analyst said
  30 +\textbf{communication more transparent and efficient}. An MPOG IT analyst said
31 31 that the \textit{``Communicating well goes far beyond the speed, it is someone
32 32 being able to communicate to everyone everything that is happening in the
33 33 project. We did not use emails. We use more mailing list and avoid e-mails. It
... ... @@ -35,21 +35,21 @@ helped a lot because everything was public and did not pollute our mailbox. You
35 35 wanted to know something, could go there and look at what was happening''}.
36 36  
37 37 Migrating to SPB platform also provided an \textbf{easier monitoring and
38   -increase interactions between development team and public servants by
  38 +increase interactions between the development team and public servants by
39 39 coordinators}. As shown by collected data, in the last 15 months of the
40   -project, the issues have 59 different authors (8 from MPOG staff), and
  40 +project, the issues have 59 different authors (8 from MPOG staff) and
41 41 commented by 64 different users (9 from MPOG staff and users). Considering
42   -issues with higher level of interaction those that have 10 or more comments, in
  42 +issues with a higher level of interaction those that have 10 or more comments, in
43 43 a set of 102 issues, MPOG staff authored 43 issues (which represents 42\% of
44   -these most active issues). A MPOG analyst highlighted that \textit{``there was
  44 +these most active issues). An MPOG analyst highlighted that \textit{``there was
45 45 a lot of evolution, a lot of communication via Gitlab''}. This interaction
46 46 also led MPOG staff to \textbf{trust developed code}: \textit{``Everything was
47   -validated, we tested the features and the project was developed inside the
48   -platform, so that the feature was validated in the development of the software
49   -itself. From the moment we installed it, and began to use it for development,
  47 +validated, we tested the features and we developed the project inside the
  48 +platform so that the feature was validated in the development of the software
  49 +itself. From the moment we installed it and began to use it for development,
50 50 this validation was constant. We felt confident in the features''}.
51 51  
52   -One of the main concerns of traditional approach is meticulous documentation of
  52 +One of the main concerns of traditional approaches is meticulous documentation of
53 53 the software designed and the development steps. With this aforementioned
54 54 decision, we could meet this government demand without bureaucracies and
55 55 changes in our development process, \textbf{producting organically
... ... @@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ good points''}.
62 62 \subsection{Bringing together government staff and development team}
63 63  
64 64 The MPOG analysts observed communication noise in the dialogue between them and
65   -their superiors and in the dialogues with the development team that were
  65 +their superiors and in dialogues with the development team,
66 66 intermediated by the superiors. They said that direct dialogue with the
67 67 development team and biweekly visits to the university's lab \textbf{reduce
68 68 communication misunderstood}: \textit{``At this point, the communication
... ... @@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ started to change.. started to improve''}. According to another interviewee,
70 70 this new dynamic unified the two sides: \textit{``I believe it was very
71 71 positive, we also liked to go there, to interact with the team. I think it
72 72 brought more unity, more integration into the project''}. The participation of
73   -the MPOG staff was also considered positive by {72.9\%} of the undegraduates
  73 +the MPOG staff was also considered positive by {72.9\%} of the undergraduates
74 74 and to {81.1\%} of them think the presence of MPOG staff in sprint ceremonies
75 75 was important for the development. In addition, to \textbf{better meet
76 76 expectations of both sides} regarding the requirements developed, {75.6\%} of
... ... @@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ students believe that writing the requirements together with the MPOG staff was
78 78 very important. According to one of them \textit{``Joint planning and timely
79 79 meetings were very important for understanding the needs of MPOG''}.
80 80  
81   -An imported consequence of this direct government-academia interaction in
  81 +An imported consequence of this direct government-academia interaction in the
82 82 laboratory was empathy, as reported by one of the interviewees \textit{``You
83 83 know people in person and it makes such a big difference because it causes
84 84 empathy. You already know who that person is, it's not just a name''}. This
... ... @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ deploying new versions of the SPB portal in production was a motivator during
94 94 the project.
95 95  
96 96 One of the MPOG analyst interviewed also noted these releases also helped to
97   -\textbf{overcome the government bias regarding low productivity of
  97 +\textbf{overcome the government bias regarding the low productivity of
98 98 collaborative projects with academia}: \textit{``At first, the government staff
99 99 had a bias that universities do not deliver. We overcame that bias in the
100 100 course of the project. We deliver a lot and with quality. Today, I think if we
... ...